reduce smoke Saab More unusual configurations
Cylinder configuration
Common cylinder configurations include the straight or inline configuration, the more compact V configuration, and the wider but smoother flat or boxer configuration. Aircraft engines can also adopt a radial configuration, which allows more effective cooling. More unusual configurations such as the H, U, X, and W have also been used.
Multiple cylinder engines have their valve train and crankshaft configured so that pistons are at different parts of their cycle. It is desirable to have the piston's cycles uniformly spaced (this is called even firing) especially in forced induction engines; this reduces torque pulsations21 and makes inline engines with more than 3 cylinders statically balanced in its primary forces. However, some engine configurations require odd firing to achieve better balance than what is possible with even firing. For instance, a 4-stroke I2 engine has better balance when the angle between the crankpins is 180° because the pistons move in opposite directions and inertial forces partially cancel, but this gives an odd firing pattern where one cylinder fires 180° of crankshaft rotation after the other, then no cylinder fires for 540°. With an even firing pattern the pistons would move in unison and the associated forces would add.
Multiple crankshaft configurations do not necessarily need a cylinder head at all because they can instead have a piston at each end of the cylinder called an opposed piston design. Because fuel inlets and outlets are positioned at opposed ends of the cylinder, one can achieve uniflow scavenging, which, as in the four-stroke engine is efficient over a wide range of engine speeds. Thermal efficiency is improved because of a lack of cylinder heads. This design was used in the Junkers Jumo 205 diesel aircraft engine, using two crankshafts at either end of a single bank of cylinders, and most remarkably in the Napier Deltic diesel engines. These used three crankshafts to serve three banks of double-ended cylinders arranged in an equilateral triangle with the crankshafts at the corners. It was also used in single-bank locomotive engines, and is still used in marine propulsion engines and marine auxiliary generators.
Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine
Motorcycles - passion for everyone?
Among those interested in the automotive industry is no shortage of people for whom motorbikes are the main area of interest. These are mainly young men, who do not yet have enough other expenses that can not afford to have a motorcycle. Although for many motorcycles is a passion for life, many a rider is forced in the future to replace your equipment, for example, disputes family car. However, the biggest enthusiasts of this equipment remain true to the end of his beloved motorcycle, so participants rallies for motorcyclists we can see a variety of people, not only of all ages, but also of different sexes. Women sometimes have the interest, though certainly more women have other, more feminine hobby.
Driving under the influence of alcohol
Driving after drinking can be dangerous even when guided bike. In the case of more complex machines, allowing to achieve a much higher speed, directing them under the influence of alcohol can be fatal. Despite the many social campaigns regarding the prohibition of driving under the influence of alcohol and strengthen penalties for drunk drivers, unfortunately, many of them still do not apply to this rule. Meanwhile, the management of a car under the influence of alcohol can lead to death of not only the driver and passengers, but also to the disappearance of completely innocent people, not even staying on the road during this event. Getting into the car under the influence of alcohol we create unnecessary risk.